Slang in an Historical Subculture by Will Stanton

Historical evidence shows that a significantly large proportion of homosexual language and labels arises from within or from the margins surrounding a queer subculture, that they are terms indigenous to queer culture, self-generated and self-cultivated. Perhaps one reason why social scientists and psychologists scrupulously avoid using this slang is because they realize that slang arises, at least partly, from within the minority group itself and that, to some extent, empowers it. Homosexuals have not found it very difficult to call themselves fairies, queers, or faggots, whereas they do not generally call themselves perverts, or sexual psychopaths.

Some analyses of campy language are based upon the compensation model: camp changes the real, hostile world into a new one which is controllable and seems to be safer. Camp has been a way for gay men to re-imagine the world around them. It exaggerates and therefore appears to diffuse real threats.

Many theorists believe that, especially with gay men, referring to one another with women’s names or pronouns evolved as a coded, protected way of speaking about one’s personal or sexual life. If one man were to be overheard at a public dinner table saying to another, "You’ll never guess what Mary said on our date last night," little would be thought of it.” Other theorists believe, however, on the contrary, that more flamboyant gays refer to each other with women’s names almost entirely within a queer context in which no heterosexuals were present. It operated primarily within gay culture and functioned to cement the relations within that culture. All of the camp talk of the eighteenth-century gays (“mollies”), for example, was overheard by police constables who had infiltrated the molly houses. Such talk virtually was unknown outside the confines of a molly house.

Queer language is not something that is new to modern times. In ancient times the transgendered priests of the goddess Cotytto spoke a gay, even obscene jargon of their own.

In the gay subculture of early eighteenth-century London, gay slang was a modification of thieves’ slang and prostitute slang. As today, the mollies would ‘‘make Love to one another’’, and they used other euphemisms such as ‘’the pleasant Deed’’ and ‘‘to do the Story.’’ They had more specific verbs for anal intercourse, such as ‘to indorse’ (from contemporary boxing slang,) and ‘‘caudle-making’’ or ‘‘giving caudle’’ (from the Latin cauda, a tail.) Later in the century, sodomites were called ‘‘backgammon players’’ and ‘‘gentlemen of the back door.’’ Gay cruising grounds were called ‘‘the markets,’’ where the mollies went ‘‘strolling and caterwauling.’’ If they were lucky, they would ‘‘picked up’ partners, or ‘trade’’ (both terms are still in common use today.) Or, they would ‘‘make a bargain’’ or agree to have sex (this derives from a rather obscure game known as ‘‘selling a bargain.’’) Another variation is ‘‘bit a blow,’’ equivalent to the modern phrase ‘‘score a trick.’’ To ‘‘put the bite’’ on someone was to arrange for sex, possibly sex for money, derived from a contemporary phrase implying some sort of trickery, usually financial.

The most striking feature of the eighteenth-century ‘‘Female Dialect’’ was that gay men referred to one another with feminine names such as Madam Blackwell, Miss Kitten, Miss Fanny Knight, Miss Irons, Moll Irons, Flying Horse Moll, Pomegranate Molly, Black Moll, China Mary, Primrose Mary, Orange Mary, Garter Mary, Pippin Mary (alias Queen Irons), Dip-Candle Mary, Small Coal Mary, Aunt Greer, Aunt May, Aunt England, Princess Seraphina the butcher, the Countess of Camomile, Lady Godiva, the Duchess of Gloucester, Orange Deb, Tub Nan, Hardware Nan, Old Fish Hannah and Johannah the Ox-Cheek Woman.

The Maiden Names which the mollies assumed bore little relationship to specific male-female role-playing in terms of sexual behavior. ‘’Fanny Murray’’ was an athletic bargeman, ‘’Lucy Cooper’’ was a Herculean coal-heaver, ‘’Kitty Fisher’’ was a deaf tire repairman, ‘‘Kitty Cambric’ is a coal merchant; Miss Selina, a police office assistant; ‘’Black-eyed Leonora’’ a drummer in the Guards, ‘’Pretty Harriet’’ a butcher; and ‘’Miss Sweet Lips’’ a country grocer.

© 3 March 2011

About the Author

I have had a life-long fascination with people and their life stories. I also realize that, although my own life has not brought me particular fame or fortune, I too have had some noteworthy experiences and, at times, unusual ones. Since I joined this Story Time group, I have derived pleasure and satisfaction participating in the group. I do put some thought and effort into my stories, and I hope that you find them interesting.